In recent years, studies have shown that the vast majority of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease in humans is caused by mixed infections of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. Animal models of bacterial pelvic inflammatory disease are therefore considered to closely resemble human pelvic inflammatory disease. As early as the 1980s, successful development of bacterial pelvic inflammatory disease models was reported. Among the pathogenic bacteria of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, *Escherichia coli* is one of the main pathogens and is relatively easy to culture and preserve in the laboratory. Some scholars have also mixed common pathogenic bacteria of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease to prepare a mixed bacterial solution as an inflammatory agent. The modeling method using bacterial infection has a high success rate, and the infection route and pathological mechanism of the model are close to those of human chronic pelvic inflammatory disease.

SD rats (female, 8 weeks old)

Modeling method: The uterine wall was scratched, and live bacteria were perfused into the uterine cavity. The chronic pelvic inflammatory disease model was successfully established 14 days later.

Evaluation indicators: serum ELISA, HE staining

Serum ELISA

HE staining of endometrial tissue