Tail vein injection delivers LPS solution into the caudal vein. LPS acts on the immune system to trigger a systemic inflammatory response, and the lungs, being highly susceptible to inflammatory injury, develop pathological lesions for successful model establishment. Systemic administration of LPS was widely adopted in early pneumonia modeling. Given its ability to induce severe systemic immune activation, this method is now commonly used to construct models of acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis.

Male SD rats (100–300 g)
Modeling method: The acute lung injury model was successfully established 3 h after tail vein injection of LPS.
Evaluation indexes: lung wet/dry weight ratio, tissue HE staining

Lung wet/dry weight ratio

Lung tissue HE staining