Excessive D-galactose is metabolically converted to galactitol via an alternative pathway in the lens. Since galactitol cannot penetrate the lens capsule, its massive accumulation leads to increased osmotic pressure in the lens, followed by edema and necrosis of lens fibers, ultimately resulting in cataract formation.

SD infant rats (male and female, 3–4 weeks old)
Modeling method: D-galactose solution was intraperitoneally injected for 4 consecutive weeks to successfully establish a cataract model.
Evaluation indicators: ophthalmoscope observation, HE staining