The pro‑inflammatory cytokine interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β) is injected into the intervertebral disc to rapidly induce nucleus pulposus herniation and inflammatory responses, followed by nerve compression and pain symptoms caused by disc herniation. IL‑1β is a major cytokine involved in the pathological process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Previous studies have shown that IL‑1β is one of the most important inflammatory cytokines responsible for increased matrix degradation, reduced matrix synthesis, and the induction of low back pain.

SD rats (male, 6–8 weeks old)

Modeling method: IL‑1β solution was injected into the L4–5 and L5–6 intervertebral discs. The lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration model was successfully established after 2 weeks.

Evaluation indicators: X‑ray examination, HE staining, Masson staining

X-ray film

HE staining of lumbar intervertebral disc

Masson staining of lumbar intervertebral disc